Aves y reptiles prohibidos como mascotas: Perspectivas y retos mundiales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/cdbio.24049Palabras clave:
animales de compañía, conservación, legislación, captura insostenible, tráfico de especiesResumen
El deseo humano de tener animales salvajes como mascotas ha creado nuevas vías de explotación de la biodiversidad, ya que muchas de estas especies son extraídas de su hábitat natural e introducidas en circuitos ilegales de mercado. A pesar de que para regular estas actividades se han formulado leyes a nivel nacional e internacional, la creciente demanda junto al incremento de ganancias económicas ha llevado a la captura de especies salvajes más allá de los niveles sostenibles permitidos por las distintas normativas. Por otro lado, en los últimos tiempos, la captura y el comercio de especies legalmente protegidas ha aumentado de forma alarmante, lo que ha provocado que algunas de estas especies estén en una grave situación de amenaza. De entre las distintas especies salvajes implicadas en el tráfico ilegal, la presente revisión se centrará en aves y reptiles con el objetivo de ofrecer una visión general de las prácticas y el comercio ilegal al que se ven sometidos, buscando al mismo tiempo comprender los factores que impulsan esta actividad, sus condicionantes y las consecuencias relacionadas. El propósito es poner de manifiesto la dimensión global del comercio ilegal de este grupo de mascotas que se encuentran entre las más demandadas y comercializadas. La revisión se basa en publicaciones on-line de revistas con revisión por pares, analizando ejemplos y las consecuencias de este comercio. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto una serie de factores intrínsecamente relacionados con los aspectos sociales, económicos, culturales y jurídicos de la sociedad que son la causa del problema. Las soluciones sugeridas incluyen medidas de concienciación, mayor control del comercio y búsqueda de iniciativas de colaboración. Se concluye que el comercio ilegal de animales de compañía es un creciente desafío para la conservación de la biodiversidad que hace que no podamos descuidar su vigilancia y control.
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